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All-Union Exhibition of National Economic Achievements. See what “vskhv” is in other dictionaries. Pavilions of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition

Design and construction of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition in Moscow, which opened in 1939. At first it was assumed that the exhibition would be temporary (like its predecessor in 1923), but then it was considered advisable to turn it into a permanent school for the exchange of scientific and practical experience in the field of agriculture.

The total area of the first stage of the exhibition was 136 hectares and was located between Ostankino Park and Yaroslavl Highway (now Mira Avenue). The program content of the exhibition, which had developed by 1937, was convincingly reflected in the master plan with clearly delineated regular highways and extensive areas for the simultaneous reception of large masses of visitors and holding large public events. At the same time, the allocation of separate functional areas with picturesque walking paths provided the opportunity for a thorough study of individual exhibitions by excursions, groups and single visitors.

From the introductory square at the entrance, visitors found themselves on the rectangular Collective Farms Square, at the beginning of which the Main Pavilion was located (V. Shchuko, V. Gelfreich, etc.). Its clear geometric volume with porticoes on all sides made of simple rectangular pillars introduced a note of strict solemnity into the architecture of the exhibition. A tower was built diagonally to the main entrance to the pavilion, topped with a sculpture of a collective farmer and a collective farmer raising a golden sheaf of wheat high (sculptors R. Budilov and A. Strekavin). The main pavilion and the tower well accentuated the beginning of the entire architectural composition - Kolkhoz Square, along the perimeter of which there were pavilions of the Union republics and some territories and regions of the RSFSR.

The architecture of these pavilions is varied. The authors were tasked with interpreting the image of each building as a symbol, a sign of national identity. This is quite logical for the exhibition, as is the widespread use of monumental decorative and applied art. The authors of many pavilions, together with painters, sculptors and folk craftsmen, implementing such a program, achieved interesting solutions within the framework of the established direction of architecture. Thus, in the pavilion of the Uzbek SSR (S. Polupanov), the arrangement of an ivan with a decorative multi-colored openwork gazebo was directly associated with the folk architecture of Uzbekistan. The pavilions of the Georgian SSR (A. Kurdiani and G. Lezhava), the Armenian SSR (K. Alabyan and S. Safaryan), the Azerbaijan SSR (S. Dadashev and A. Useynov) and a number of other pavilions were also designed in the same figurative vein. It is important to note that the originality of the image-symbol was most often achieved not only by purely decorative processing, but primarily by purely architectural means. It is enough to compare the construction of the Georgian pavilion - with its courtyard, bundles of finely drawn columns of the portal, with the three-nave basilica form of the Armenian pavilion, in order to agree that the very architecture of these pavilions acts as a sign and image of Georgia and Armenia.

Behind the Collective Farms Square, a wide green highway, also lined with pavilions, led to the octagonal Mechanization Square, onto which the facades of industry pavilions overlooked (Grain, Livestock, etc.) and which closed with the Mechanization of Agriculture pavilion (V. Andreev and I . Taranov).

Parabolic lattice arches made of metal carried a lightweight aluminum covering, creating a vaulted passage space. On the sides of the pavilion space, various agricultural machines - exhibits of the exhibition - were placed on two levels, as if on pedestals. The interior spaces of these “pedestals” were used as exhibition halls. Behind the pavilion there was a recreation area with restaurants, cafes, playgrounds, walking paths and water spaces of picturesque ponds. On the sides of the compositional axis of the exhibition there were pavilions, experimental fields and exhibits of individual branches of agriculture. The exhibition “New in the Construction of a Collective Farm Village” was also located here.

The new exhibition has become firmly established in the life of Moscow and in the structure of its master plan. In the work on its design and construction, in addition to famous masters, a whole galaxy of young talented architects came forward - Y. Emelyanov, V. Andreev, I. Taranov, M. Olenev, G. Zakharov, P. Revyakin, S. Polupanov, I. Melchakov and many other. Sculptors G. Motovilov, A. Baburin, R. Budilov, A. Sabsay, A. Strekavin, painters A. Gerasimov, S. Gerasimov, L. Bruni, A. Deineka and many others took part in the work.

Later, after 1955, the Exhibition, significantly expanded in the post-war period, was criticized for decorativeness, embellishment, etc. There was a lot of fairness in the criticism, but the specifics of the exhibition as such were ignored, where architecture solved not only the functional problems of receiving visitors and display of exhibits, but she herself acted as an exhibit. The mistake of those years was the mechanical transfer of the Exhibition experience to mass architecture.

2008 - No. 13 - Health

In 1939, on the left side of Kolkhoz Square (the main square of the exhibition), pavilions of the three Transcaucasian republics - Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan - were built. The Georgian pavilion, the most spectacular of them, has not survived to this day. The other two still stand on the main avenue, although they have undergone significant alterations. The pavilion of the Armenian SSR, which was originally built in the spirit of classical Armenian architecture, especially suffered.
Between 1939 and 1954, nothing significant happened, everything was limited to repairs.
But in 1960, the pavilion was rebuilt, turning it into a blank box. Only three arches on the façade actually remain of the original form. A massive extension was built at the rear. In 1963, the pavilion was renamed “Food Industry”.
And around 1967, the facade was completely glazed, obscuring the arches. In 1980, when the pavilion was already called “Health Care,” the glass wall was replaced with shields. Another 10 years later the entrance was lined with stalls, and all this pile still stands today. Going inside, you can see that the interior decor of the pavilion has been preserved, and the original elements of the facade are visible from behind the fences.

2008 - No. 14 - Computer technology

A similar story: the pavilion arrived at the 1954 exhibition without any special alterations, only the base was lined with red polished granite.
But around 1965-66, the facade was completely covered with a black box with white letters “VT” (in the 70s the coloring was changed to the opposite - a white box with black letters). The lower part was glazed. Now this structure itself can be considered a monument to the era of the 60s, however, objectively speaking, it looks simply ugly. This is especially noticeable if you approach the pavilion from the side. The modernist facade structure is roughly attached to the main body of the pavilion, decorated in oriental style.
The old photo shows that the side arches of the entrance were richly decorated with tiled tiles. Surprisingly, they have survived to this day. Just last year they could easily be seen by entering the glass “dressing room” of the pavilion. But now in this room there is another wax museum, and all the walls are draped with some kind of black rags.

2008 - No. 58 - Agriculture

The pavilion building is relatively new - it was built in the early 1950s, although in many respects it repeats the pre-war form and decor.
But the sculptural groups “Industry” and “Agriculture” stood here from the first day of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition. Between 1939 and 1954 they underwent some metamorphoses. Both workers lost their tools. Now, instead of an adjustable wrench and a steelworker's ladle, they sternly clench empty fists. In addition, the banners of both sculptural groups were significantly restored - now they do not just hang behind, but flutter across their entire width.
By the way, many people think that these sculptures are made of bronze. In fact, they are reinforced concrete, like all the other sculptures at the exhibition (except for the sculptures from the Friendship of Peoples fountain).
By the way, for some reason D.N. Chechulin is listed as the architect in List 1. In fact, the author of this pavilion is the architect A.A. Tatsiy.

2008 - No. 59 - Grain

The above-mentioned architect Chechulin is the author of this particular Moscow pavilion. However, there is again a misunderstanding in List 1 - Zhukov A.O. has been added to it as a co-author. and Greves A.A. The first is, apparently, Zhukov A.F., the chief architect of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition. The second name is not known to me or Yandex.
The pavilion has survived to this day, because back in 1939 it was built in permanent structures. By 1954 it was significantly reconstructed. The most noticeable update is the tower, topped with a golden spire with a ruby star.
The proportions of the reconstructed pavilion are very reminiscent of the unrealized project of the administrative building in Zaryadye, completed by the same Chechulin several years earlier.
Of the pre-war finishing details, the very characteristic lancet glazing has been preserved (after reconstruction it also appeared on the tower). While inside, you can see very detailed stained glass windows depicting various vegetables in central Russia.

2008 - No. 26 - Transport

In List 2, the building is mentioned in a strange way: “The portico of the pavilion “Transport of the USSR” (formerly “Agriculture”).” The wording sounds cynical: in essence, it is an open invitation to demolish the entire back part of the building and add something more substantial to the protected portico.
In fact, the oldest part of the building is not the portico.
In 1939-41. The Cotton pavilion was located on this site. For the 1954 exhibition, an introductory hall, a lecture hall and service rooms were added to the old pavilion. The rest of the wooden part of the “Cotton” pavilion was reconstructed and built up to a height of 11 m. The new pavilion was named “Agriculture”, in 1956 it was renamed “Geology, Petroleum, Chemistry”, since 1958 it has been called “Chemical Industry”, and since 1967 - "Transport of the USSR".
Compared to 1954, only some details of the stucco molding were lost, and the capitals of the first row of columns - they collapsed from dampness in the late 70s.

2008 - No. 311 - Service building

This small pavilion appeared at the exhibition in the spring of 1941. Previously, this piece of territory was formally completely outside the boundaries of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition (as was the Green Theater located next door). It is not known what was originally planned to be placed there. But it is known that in 1940 the Red Army “liberated” Bessarabia, and a separate pavilion was needed for the new socialist republic – Moldova. He was here for only six months, and then the war began, and VSKhV was closed for 13 years.
For the 1954 exhibition, the facade of the building was reconstructed, and the pavilion began to be called “Sericulture”.
The building now houses an unnamed office, and the building itself looks a bit shabby.
This pavilion is not on any of the “protection” lists.

2008 - No. 56 - Veterinary

From 1939 to the present day, the pavilion has retained its specialization and appearance. Even the fountain in the shape of a bowl with a snake is original, pre-war.
For the 1954 exhibition, the pavilion was slightly reconstructed.
This pavilion is not on any of the “protection” lists.
Three years ago, almost the entire building (except for the facade) was covered with beautiful colored banners with the inscription “The Veterinary Pavilion is under reconstruction.” Today the banners still hang there, but the words “under reconstruction” have been carefully erased. In some places, the banners even had holes cut in them to allow use of the doors underneath them. The building is still in rather poor condition.
Details and illustrations here: http://bcxb.livejournal.com/8615.html
Opposite the pavilion, on the exit circle, there is a sculpture of a horse. It, too, has survived since 1939 (even surviving a recent fire that destroyed a warehouse just a few meters away). True, there was also a foal at the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition, but its fragile structure had long since collapsed. Also, on the other side of the hatching circle there was a sculpture of a cow. Now all that remains is the pedestal.

2008 - No. 57 - Exhibition pavilion No. 57 (Space)

At the 1939 exhibition it was the largest and most original pavilion. A steel parabolic arch, open on both sides, created a huge canopy under which various agricultural machines were located. The shape of the pavilion is deliberately made to resemble a boathouse for airships - because of this, a funny myth has even appeared these days that before the creation of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition there was some kind of “Dirizhablestroy” enterprise on this site.
In the winter of 50-51, the reconstruction and expansion of the pavilion began. The main facade was formed by two towers, topped with sculptural figures of a worker with a lever and a collective farmer with a steering wheel. On the opposite side, a domed hall made of reinforced glass on a steel frame was added. In this form, the pavilion has been completely preserved to this day.
It received the name “Cosmos” in the fall of 1967, on the anniversary of the October Revolution. At the same time, a rocket with the Vostok spacecraft was installed in front of the pavilion. Before this, another pavilion was officially called “Cosmos” (now it is listed as No. 2).
From time to time, the pro-Moscow press begins a PR campaign about the disastrous state of the Cosmos pavilion, which is supposedly about to collapse. And therefore it needs to be either urgently dismantled or “regenerated”. Of course, this would be a complete disaster, because the Moscow construction complex cannot be allowed here at gunpoint. This building - one of the symbols of Moscow, an architectural monument of world significance - must remain intact.

2008 - No. 27 - Physical education and sports

The history of this pavilion is similar to the history of “Sericulture”. Built for the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition in 1941 as the Physical Culture pavilion, however, shortly before the opening of the exhibition, it was given over to the exposition of the newly formed Soviet Baltic republics.
At the 1954 exhibition, without any significant alterations, it was reopened as a pavilion for physical culture and sports.
Today, “Physical Education and Sports” is the most original and well-preserved of the pre-war pavilions. Of course, on the façade there is no longer a bas-relief with the four leaders of the proletariat and quotes from Lenin and Stalin. But behind, from the side of Ostankino Park, a funny quote from Kalinin has been preserved.
This pavilion is not on any of the “protection” lists. What is the reason? Did the experts use the 1939 scheme and not imagine that after that new architectural monuments could appear at the exhibition? Or did they simply not find this pavilion, located on the outskirts of the forest?

1941 - No. 110 - Dairy farm
1954 - No. 96 - Premises for young cattle
2008 - No. 251 - Office building

Everyone knows that most of the exhibition area is rows of antediluvian pigsties and cowsheds from the film “The Pig Farmer and the Shepherd.” However, in fact, there was only one livestock building, which can be confidently attributed to the 30s. Everything else was broken and rebuilt after the war.
On the maps of 1939-41, this building is called either a cowshed or a dairy farm, which does not change the essence of the matter. By 1954, the building was extended by about a third on the side opposite the tower. Apart from this, the only changes affected were the roof - before the war it was apparently tiled, then slate, and about a year ago it was covered with sheet iron.

1941 - No. 132 - Veterinary clinic
1954 - No. 256 - Veterinary clinic
2008 - No. 212 - Veterinary clinic

This is another building on the outskirts of the exhibition, which has completely preserved its appearance and purpose over the past 70 years.
This photo shows that the clinic’s sign still says “Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy of the USSR.” This is a unique, perhaps the only mention of VDNKh that can now be found at the exhibition. Even the abbreviation VSKhV appears more often - in 5 or 6 places.
Needless to say, the last two buildings are not listed as architectural monuments.

1941 — —
1954 — —
2008 - No. 234 - Service building

The inconspicuous building behind the Glavkhleb pavilion (now known as “Beekeeping”) has served some kind of official function throughout the history of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition.
Note the tower with a wooden cornice.
For comparison: http://photofile.ru/photo/arazm/115148293/xlarge/119411093.jpg (http://community.livejournal.com/ru_sovarch/368255.html)

"NEW IN THE VILLAGE"
In 1939, a special site called “New in the Village” was allocated at the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition, where an exemplary collective farm was built with all standard buildings - a village council, a school, farms, workshops. Surprisingly, it is this area that has been preserved most completely - both the general layout and individual buildings. To get here today, you need to go from the main entrance to the “Cosmos”, and at the rocket turn right 90 degrees. Ahead you will see discreet rural houses scattered throughout a picturesque park.
From the first All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition to the present day, a total of 9 buildings have been preserved here.

1941 - No. 122 - School
1954 - No. 145 - School
2008 - No. 317 - All-Russian Exhibition Center Polyclinic

Typical rural school building. Completely preserved. In the early 70s, another brick building was added to its left wing, connected to the old building by a long passage.
Now, according to the official scheme, the All-Russian Exhibition Center Polyclinic is located here. True, the sign says otherwise: “Research Institute of Gerontology, outpatient department.”

1941 - No. 106 - MTS office
1954 - No. 146 - Rural communications department
2008 - No. 324 - Service building

This is a small cozy building opposite the school. During the time of “New in the Village”, the office of MTS (not a cellular operator, but a machine and tractor station) was located here. The guidebook reported that this was a tiled brick building with 8 rooms. Now instead of tiles there is roofing iron, otherwise no changes have occurred.
In 1954, the MTS show estate moved to another location, closer to the Northern Entrance. And in this building there was a rural post office (which worked not just as an exhibition pavilion, but also as a regular post office).

1941 - No. 120 - Nurseries
1954 - No. 149 - Nurseries
2008 — №323 —

Next to the school there is a house in which during the years of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition there was a standard nursery. The building has been completely preserved and now attracts attention with the sign “Wine Shop” (although nothing is said about it on the official diagram).

1941 - No. 124 - Club
1954 - No. 187 - Excursion bureau
2008 - No. 421 - Department of Youth Programs of the All-Russian Exhibition Center

A perfectly preserved building that housed a collective farm club in 1939. Surprisingly, even the original bas-relief above the entrance has been preserved.
After the war, even before the resumption of work at the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition, polling station No. 46 operated in this building. In 1954, the Excursion Bureau of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition opened in the building; in the mid-60s, there was a club of the local committee of VDNKh here. Now here is the office of one of the many obscure divisions of the All-Russian Exhibition Center.

1941 - No. 123 - Village Council
1954 — —
2008 - No. 172 - Service building

“In the center of the village there is a small building under a peaked tiled roof, surrounded by flower beds of bright flowers. On the white façade is the golden coat of arms of the RSFSR. This is the building of the village council,” wrote a pre-war guide. In this photo from the old guidebook it is on the left, and in the center is the MTS office mentioned above. The building has been completely preserved (except for the tiles and coat of arms).
It’s interesting that on the 1959 map (the first map after the formation of VDNKh) this building is marked as “Bank”! And in recent years, the office of Rosselkhozbank was located here. The sign has now been removed and the building is closed.

1941 - No. 121 - Village Council
1954 — —
2008 - No. 173 - Service building

Now the office of another bank, Khovansky, is located in this house. And in 1939 there was a collective farm maternity hospital with three beds.

1941 - No. 105 - Machine and tractor workshop
1954 — —
2008 - No. 229 - Ch. accounting, inspection

In 1939, this T-shaped brick building housed a machine and tractor workshop. Presumably in the early 70s, the part of the building corresponding to the crossbar of the letter T was completely rebuilt. Now this is the main accounting department of the All-Russian Exhibition Center.
On the opposite side, the building was also being completed, which is clearly visible from the pattern of the brickwork. Now in this part there is an exhibition customs post No. 2. The middle part of the building has retained its original appearance.

1941 - No. 119 - Collective farm board and agricultural laboratory
1954 — —
2008 - No. 232 - Architectural and artistic management of the All-Russian Exhibition Center

In 1939, this simple six-room brick building housed a typical collective farm administration. On the 1977 diagram, the building is called the “Press Center”.

1941 - No. 119 - Seed barn
1954 - No. 98 - Butter and cheese factory
2008 - No. 326 - Cafe "At the Outskirts"

At the time of “New in the Village” there was a warehouse here. In 1954, a model creamery was placed in the building. Although the current owners of the cafe have built extensions, the building as a whole has been preserved.

1941 — —
1954 — —
2008 - No. 562 - Service building

In the thickets between the greenhouses and the Green Theater there is a strange structure. It consists of a tower in the Italian style and a whole series of extensions of different heights. Despite the stupid layout, the whole building somehow looks very solid. If you put it in order and clear the bushes, it will be the most picturesque building in this part of the exhibition.
I am not 100% sure that it dates back to 1939. On the old map, some object of complex shape is marked at this place, although slightly different from the current one. It is unlikely that such an illogical building could have been built in the 50s.

1941 - No. 84 - Hunting and fur farming
1954 - No. 109 - Hunting and fur farming
2008 - No. 45 - Hunting and fur farming

When listing the buildings of 1939, one cannot fail to mention the “Hunting” pavilion. The wooden building of the pavilion itself, as is known, burned down in May 2005. This was the biggest loss in recent years, because “Hunting” was not only one of the best preserved, but also the most spectacular pavilion of that time.
But two sculptures in front of the pavilion - a hunter with a husky and a female fur farmer with a fox - survived. But, alas, they are not for our list: these sculptures are relatively new, they appeared here only in 1954.
By the way, “Okhota” is not on any of the “protection” lists, although after the fire the city authorities vied with each other to call it an architectural monument.

Lanterns

Several original lanterns have been preserved on the exhibition grounds.
The most interesting design has two lanterns, which can be found in the thickets of trees behind pavilion No. 69. In 1939, there was not a forest here, but a vast area in front of the Main Entrance, where vehicles arrived. From the side of the Yaroslavskoye Highway, this territory opened up with the statue “Worker and Collective Farm Woman” (which, in case anyone has forgotten, was sawn into pieces and taken away several years ago). Both photos show flashlights of this type.
Another type of lantern

The exhibition complex "All-Union Agricultural Exhibition" (VSKhV) opened on August 1, 1939 and operated until 1941.
The Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture of the USSR Pavilion was open from 1939 to 1955. Now there is the Space pavilion there.
The pavilion was a boathouse, or landing stage, which was almost completely copied by architects A. G. Taranov, V. S. Andreev and N. A. Bykova from the creation of V. G. Shukhov - the landing stage of the Kievsky railway station in Moscow. The authors of the pavilion decorated the Shukhov steel structure with steel glass arcades and two-tier staircase galleries. This technique preserved the original plan of the square, designed by V.K. Oltarzhevsky, and created the effect of an arch spanning the Big Alley and not blocking the perspective until the very border of the exhibition.

1. Pavilion "Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR" from the side of Mechanization Square, 1939-1941."
(Author??: Margaret Bourke-White, summer 1941)

3. From some book

5. Pavilion "Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR", 1939. Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

6. North-western entrance to the pavilion "Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR", 1939-1941.

8. Electric tractor VIME-4-500 (All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture). Pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939-1941.

9. The same electric tractor VIME-4-500, but the author is Markov-Grinberg Mark, 1939.

10. GAZ-60 in the pavilion

11. Automotive Hall, Pavilion "Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture of the USSR", 1939-1941.

12. Tractor building hall

13. Oops... This photo is after 08/01/1954 (resumption of the exhibition after the war). In the photo there are ZiS-127, ZiS-154 and PAZ-ik buses (thanks severok1979 )

14. 8-ton truck YAG-10, pavilion "Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR", 1939
Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

15. Tractor Stalinets (SG-65), pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939. Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

16. Tractor Stalinets (SG-65), pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939. Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

17. Tractor Stalinets (SG-65), pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939. Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

18. Tractor Stalinets, pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939. Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

19. Tractor (ХТЗ-Т2Г??), pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939. Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

20. Tractors Stalinets, pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939 Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

21. Pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939 Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

22. Pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939 Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

23. Tractor Stalinets, pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939. Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

24. GAZ-M415 pickup truck, pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939. Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

25. GAZ MM-410 truck, pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939. Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

26. ZiS-5, pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939 Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

27. ZIS-6, pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939 Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

28. ZIS-30, pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939 Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

29. Truck with a gas generator unit GAZ-42, pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939. Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

30. Truck with a gas generator unit ZIS-21, pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939. Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

31. YAS-3 (1936-1942) - dump truck based on YAG-6. The total production volume is 4765 copies. Pavilion Mechanization and electrification of agriculture of the USSR, 1939 Photo by: Markov-Grinberg Mark

On the site of the Ostankino swamps, where in 1934 NKVD officers dispersed the gypsy camp that had settled there, five years later one of the main cultural places of the capital appeared, which throughout its history has attracted tourists from all over the world. VDNKh (exhibition of achievements of the national economy), and later VVC (All-Russian Exhibition Center) is a grandiose exhibition of achievements of the national economy, which during its existence was visited by every eighth inhabitant of the planet...

The history of the “Main Exhibition of the Country” began with the appeal of the Second All-Union Congress of Collective Farmers-Shock Workers to the central bodies of the Communist Party and government with a request to organize an All-Union Agricultural Exhibition in Moscow. The request was granted, and the Main Exhibition Committee was created.

To gain the right to participate in the All-Union Exhibition, collective farms, state farms, machine and tractor stations, scientific institutions had to have certain indicators for 1937 and 1938, and leaders and organizers of agriculture for 1938. Thanks to this condition, no other agricultural exhibition in the world had such a number of exhibitors.

The popularity of the upcoming Exhibition among agricultural workers was unusually great. Millions of collective farmers and state farm workers, thousands of agronomists, livestock specialists, and machine operators fought for the right to participate in it. The exhibition committee received about 250 thousand applications about the desire to be its exhibitor.

The Main Exhibition Committee established awards: one thousand first degree diplomas and four thousand second degree. Farms awarded a first degree diploma received 10 thousand rubles and a car, and those awarded a second degree diploma received 5 thousand rubles and a motorcycle.

One thousand large and two thousand small gold medals, three thousand large and fifteen thousand small silver medals were established for agricultural leaders.

In addition, a Book of Honor was established, where each exhibitor was entered indicating his achievements.

The All-Union Agricultural Exhibition also became a unique contribution to the architecture of the capital. An entire exhibition city with an area of 136 hectares that grew up on its northern outskirts included ponds, parks, experimental plots, and 250 various buildings.

The crops and plantings, which occupied about 20 hectares, represented the agriculture of the entire Soviet Union. About 600 varieties of different crops were sown on one grain plot. The exhibition garden was an amazing picture: about 10 thousand plants were planted in it. Among them are 600 varieties of fruit and berry crops, a rich collection of Michurin varieties.

In the area of industrial and southern heat-loving crops, the visitor saw crops of cotton, rice, beets, flax, hemp, tobacco, kenaf, rubber, and hops. In total, 260 crops of over 3 thousand varieties were exhibited in open areas.

The architectural ensemble of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition was created by architects V. Shchuko, V. Geilfreich, L. Polyakov, D. Chechulin, sculptors S. Konenkov, G. Motovilov; monumentalists A. Deineka, A. Bubnov, P. Sokolov-Skal and many other talented artists. More than two thousand professionals and folk craftsmen worked under the leadership of the chief architect S. Chernyshev.

The exhibition city in Moscow was decorated with great love by the entire Soviet people.

The country was preparing for the opening of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition as a major national holiday. It took place on August 1, 1939. The first visitors entered through an arch designed by architect L. Polyakov in the tradition of ancient Roman triumphal arches.

The solemn ceremony, which was attended by more than 10 thousand people, was attended by the leaders of the party and the Soviet state. At the entrance to the Exhibition there was a 24-meter sculptural group “Worker and Collective Farm Woman” by the outstanding sculpture V. Mukhina.

The emblem of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition was a grandiose sculptural group depicting a tractor driver and a collective farmer raising a golden sheaf of wheat high above their heads. It was installed on the 50-meter tower of the Main Pavilion, which was a monumental white building with a beautiful colonnade. The facade of the building was decorated with the coats of arms of the union republics and the coat of arms of the Soviet Union.

From the Main Pavilion the visitor entered one of the most beautiful squares - Kolkhoz Square.

Here and on the adjacent alleys there are pavilions of the Union republics, territories and regions. Walking around these palace-pavilions, the visitor seemed to be making a journey through the vast expanses of our Motherland: from the icy expanses of the harsh Arctic to the evergreen subtropics, from Kamchatka to the Baltic.

Each pavilion stood out for its originality, using national motifs in construction.

On the huge Kolkhoz Square, special attention was attracted by the building of the Moscow Pavilion (pavilion “Grain”, currently pavilion No. 59), built of stone, concrete, glass, decorated with stainless steel according to the design of the architect A. Chechulin. The facade was framed with high reliefs, figures of vegetable growers, milkmaids, gardeners, and tractor drivers.

Fat animals, golden sheaves of wheat, large tubers of potatoes, cucumbers, tomatoes and other vegetables were also depicted here. The slogan is engraved across the entire façade: “We will create potato, vegetable and livestock breeding bases around Moscow and other large cities.” At the very top is the Order of Lenin, an award from the Moscow region for successes achieved in agriculture.

The Ukraine pavilion is located nearby. Built according to the design of the architect A. Tatsia and K. Ivanchenko, lined with Ukrainian majolica tiles, the facade is decorated with golden ears, the entrance arch is framed by a decorative ceramic wreath, and above the entrance there is a stained glass window - “Pereyaslavskaya Rada”.

One of the sections of the 1939 exhibition was the section “New in the Village”. It is spread over an area of 12 hectares. The new Soviet village was demonstrated here. According to standard designs recommended for mass construction, the following were built: a village council, a collective farm board, a machine and tractor station, livestock farms, a collective farm club, a school, a maternity hospital, and a nursery.

There was a particular interest in the nurseries, because the village had no idea about them. All these buildings now, somewhat updated, serve as offices for the All-Russian Exhibition Center departments.

Of interest was the “Hunting and Fur Breeding” pavilion, where the Pushkin State Fur Farm was demonstrated, one of the first to begin breeding sable in captivity. In the open area in front of the pavilion, river beavers, nutria, and muskrats were shown, living here in conditions close to natural.

There was a working example of a collective farm hydroelectric power station on the territory of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition. It stood on the Kamenka River, which flows through the Exhibition territory. It was cleared of reeds and an earthen dam about 5 meters high was built. Current from the station was supplied to a neighboring building, where agricultural machines driven by electric motors were installed.

VSKhV-39 became not only a school of excellence, impressively demonstrating the achievements of agriculture, but also a favorite vacation spot for Muscovites and guests of the capital. In the large old park adjacent to the Exhibition, a recreation area was created. Various attractions were opened: a parachute tower, a Ferris wheel, a funhouse, carousels, etc. A children's playground with playgrounds was created for children.

At the Exhibition itself, a Green Theater, a concert stage, a circus, and two cinemas were built.

The success of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition was enormous. From August 1 to October 25, it was visited by over 3.5 million people.

There were 2,000 tour guides and 1,000 group leaders working at the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition. Two hundred guides served foreign guests, whose interest in the Soviet exhibition was unusual. Despite the fact that the Exhibition was conceived as a one-time event, the party and government decided to continue its work. In 1940, the exhibition lasted 5 months and was visited by 4.5 million people.

In 1941, it operated for only 1 month and five days... During the Great Patriotic War, the exposition and library of the Exhibition were evacuated to Chelyabinsk.

The All-Union Agricultural Exhibition received visitors again only on August 1, 1954. Its goal was the widespread promotion of agricultural achievements and the rapid introduction of advanced experience into collective and state farm production.

To take part in the post-war Exhibition, it was necessary to achieve higher results than before. So, to participate in VSHV-39, a collective farm in the non-chernozem zone had to collect 12-14 centners of wheat per hectare, and in 1954 - no less than 19!

The architectural appearance of the Exhibition changed radically. Enormous construction work was carried out, its area increased significantly - up to 207 hectares. Pavilions of the Baltic republics were erected.

The “Uzbekistan” pavilion was built - one of the most beautiful pavilions, now it is “Culture”. The entrance to the pavilion is decorated with an openwork rotunda, inside there is a fountain that emphasizes the lightness and elegance of its columns. Ornament depicting bushes and cotton bolls decorating the rotunda. The work of the best craftsmen of Uzbekistan.

The Arch of the Main Entrance to the Exhibition was built. Powerful tetrahedral columns easily carry the massive arch, dividing it into central and side spans. There are bas-reliefs on the columns, the main theme of which is the work of people. The arch is crowned by the sculptural group “Tractor Driver and Collective Farm Woman”, with a sheaf of wheat raised high.

The Main Pavilion, a powerful colonnade, highly raised six-meter sculptural groups, numerous bas-reliefs, a 35-meter spire topped with a gold star were completed. A monument to V. Lenin was erected in front of the pavilion.

The Friendship of Peoples fountain was built on Kolkhoz Square. Collective farmers in national costumes lead a festive round dance. The fountain throws out more than a ton of water every second to the height of an eight-story building. Sculptors Z. Bazhenova, L. Bazhenov, A. Teneta, Z. Ryleeva, I. Chaikov made sculptures from bronze with the finest gold plating, sheaves were made from sheet copper with gilding.

The “Friendship of Peoples” fountain, the work of architects K. Topuridze and G. Konstantinovsky, has outlived its ideological meaning, but its beauty and uniqueness continue to delight guests of the exhibition.

At the opposite end of Kolkhoz Square there is a fountain “Stone Flower”, built based on Bazhov’s fairy tales. In a vast pool framed by red polished granite, a fantastic stone flower made of multi-colored alloys rises.

Bronze fish and birds splash in the pool. On the sides there are decorative slides of fruits and vegetables. And to this day these fountains are the best decoration of the exhibition.

Each pavilion demonstrated the achievements of sectors of the national economy in the republic, regions, and districts.

The green attire of the exhibition was exceptionally rich. Almost the entire flora of the Soviet Union was represented on its territory. The exhibition town was decorated with 40 thousand ornamental trees and 450 thousand shrubs. About 5.5 million annual and perennial flowers. The pride of the exhibition gardeners was the rose garden - about 50 thousand varietal roses grew in it.

From morning to evening, an endless stream of visitors flocked to the livestock pavilions. In 1954 alone, this section showed 800 heads of cattle of 32 breeds, 800 sheep of 53 breeds, 500 pigs of 30 breeds, 3000 heads of poultry. The animals were shown in the hatching circle. It was a brilliant sight. From early morning there was a buzz in the livestock town: animals were being scraped, cleaned, and washed. Then representatives of the farms in colorful national costumes showed their pets to the authoritative jury and spectators.

Near the Horse Breeding pavilion you could see two sculptures of horses. One depicted the famous hippodrome fighter, the stallion Kvadrat of the Oryol trotter breed, the other a stallion - the Symbol of the Budyonnovsk breed. In the pavilion, visitors could admire these beauties and several dozen horses of the Oryol, Russian Trotter, Soviet Draft and other breeds.

New agricultural equipment was demonstrated in open areas.

On the basis of the Exhibition, training in new methods of work was carried out, and excursionists visited leading farms. Excursion activities were improved, groups of excursionists were formed from workers of the same profession.

Since June 1956, it began its work on the territory of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition All-Union Industrial Exhibition, the main objectives of which were to demonstrate the success of the industry.

One of the significant and promising exhibits was the first electronic computer. The creation of this technology in the Soviet Union began back in 1948.

The exhibition exposition was located in 21 pavilions, which were grouped mainly on Mechanization Square. The first Soviet passenger jet airliner, designed and built under the leadership of the outstanding aircraft designer A. Tupolev, was installed here.

One of the main pavilions of the industrial exhibition was the Mechanical Engineering pavilion. There were many open areas adjacent to it. At which samples of new technology were demonstrated.

Creation of VDNKh USSR in 1959

VDNKh was created in accordance with the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR of May 28, 1958 “On the unification of the All-Union Industrial, Agricultural and Construction Exhibitions (on Frunzenskaya Embankment) into a single Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy of the USSR.”

On June 16, 1959, VDNH of the USSR hospitably opened the doors of its pavilions to visitors. In 1963, the Council of Ministers of the USSR adopted a resolution “On the restructuring of the work of VDNH of the USSR.”

Exhibition activities began to be built on a production-industry principle. Thematic exhibitions and shows have become of paramount importance in the work of all pavilions. On their basis, experience was widely exchanged and training was carried out among workers in industry, construction, and agriculture.

This organization made it possible to significantly speed up the introduction of new equipment and modern labor methods into production. Every year, about 300 exhibitions and shows were opened at VDNKh of the USSR, at which more than 100 thousand exhibits were shown.

VDNKh of the USSR reflected as a mirror the main milestones in the life of the country, such as Yuri Gagarin's first flight into space, the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline, etc.

There were also mysterious, and sometimes even mystical moments in the history of the construction of VSKhV. One of these mystical stories tells that Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Oltarzhevsky (chief architect of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition) planned to make the exhibition not just the cultural center of the Soviet Union, but the center of the entire Universe.

If you look at the master plan of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition, you can see that the mechanization area, being the center of the exhibition, resembles the sun around which nine planets are located. On this square, according to his idea, the figure of Lenin should have risen.

From the Square of Mechanization, as from the biblical Tree of Life, four sources scatter, which at the point of intersection, as in a coordinate system, form the beginning of all beginnings. This system is formed with mathematical precision - like the Egyptian pyramids - and is enclosed in a regular octagon - a Christian symbol of renewal and found heavenly bliss. These signs were combined with a huge cross and all sorts of symbols from Buddhist and Hindu myths.

V.K.Oltarzhevsky, R.L.Podolsky, N.V.Alekseev, A.B. Boretsky, D.G. Oltarzhevsky. VSKhV planning project. Perspective.

But after a short amount of time, the chief architect of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition was sent to the Arctic Circle, and the exhibition plan was changed. There, a specialist in multi-storey buildings, who for ten years adopted the experience of building skyscrapers in the United States of America, found worthy use - he began to design camp barracks. Oltarzhevsky learned about the opening of the exhibition he once created only from a film magazine.

Vyacheslav Konstantinovich Oltarzhevsky

For several years after its opening, the exhibition multiplied and never ceased to amaze numerous visitors. This was the case until 1941, before the start of the war. During the difficult war years, there were anti-aircraft installations here, and all kinds of pavilions were closed and deprived of visitors. It is interesting that during the entire war, not a single enemy bomb fell on the territory of the All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition Plant (an area of 135 hectares).

At the same time, in 1942, the chief architect of the exhibition was given his freedom back, after which he became the leader’s personal consultant on high-rise construction issues.

The second opening of the exhibition took place on August 1, 1954. At the entrance, people were greeted by a newly built arch of stunning size and were surprised by the absence of the figure of Stalin, in the place of which the Fountain of Friendship of Peoples was opened. Sixteen gilded statues were originally supposed to symbolize the union of all republics. But soon, when there were only fifteen republics left, the symbolism once again diverged from reality.

Soon the exhibition became completely industrial, and in 1959 it received a new name - VDNKh (Exhibition of Achievements of the National Economy) USSR.

After the first manned space flight, in 1961, the exhibition, among other things, was decorated with a copy of Gagarin’s rocket. It, by the way, was installed on Mechanization Square, in the very mystical center where, according to Oltarzhevsky’s plans, the figure of the then leader should have risen.

By the way, Vyacheslav Konstantinovich himself, after his liberation in 1943, never visited his creation. He died in 1966 at the age of 86.

Since 1992 – All-Russian Exhibition Center

On June 23, 1992, by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation and the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation, VDNKh was renamed into the State Joint-Stock Company "All-Russian Exhibition Center" (GAO VVTs).

In the 90s, the All-Russian Exhibition Center was considered an exhibition rather formally. In fact, the pavilions were rented out for warehouses and points of sale of household and computer equipment, as well as a variety of consumer goods. At the same time, an amusement park was operating, and in the “Central” pavilion, various physical experiments were shown for children and youth - the All-Russian Exhibition Center was still a place where people came to relax, but devastation and trade spoiled the whole impression.

In 2002, an application was submitted to hold the prestigious international exhibition EXPO 2010 in Moscow. Unfortunately, the application was not accepted, but despite this, for many Moscow residents VDNH is the place for a first date or other romantic adventures.

People walk through these magnificent places, shop, look at the achievements of science and technology brought from all over the world, dream, and simply get charged with a good mood and positive energy.

Compilation of material – FOX

All diagrams are clickable.
VSKhV map. 1939

1 Main entrance
2 Administrative Square
3 Main Alley
4 Area of collective farms
5 Mechanization area
6 Michurinsky Garden
7 Open ground area
8 Young people's area
9 Young naturalists
10 Recreation area - cultural park named after. Dzerzhinsky
11 Exhibition Management
12 Main Pavilion
13 Pavilion of the Uzbek SSR
14 Far East
15 Siberia
16 Leningrad and the North-East of the RSFSR
17 Soviet Arctic (near the pavilion - Papanin tent, No. 85)
18 Pavilion of the Moscow, Tula and Ryazan regions
19 Pavilion of the Ukrainian SSR
20 Pavilion of Kursk, Voronezh and Tambov regions
21 Pavilion of the Turkmen SSR
22 Pavilion of the Bashkir ASSR
23 Central regions
24 Northern Caucasus and Crimea
25 Pavilion of the Kirghiz SSR
26 Pavilion of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
27 Pavilion of the Tajik SSR
28 Pavilion of the Byelorussian SSR
29 Volga region
30 Pavilion of the Azerbaijan SSR
31 Pavilion of the Armenian SSR
32 Pavilion of the Georgian SSR
33 Pavilion of the Kaeakh SSR
34 Ponds
35 Print
36 Peat
37
38 Agroforestry
39 Sugar factory
40 Grain
41 Cotton
42 Mechanization
43 Monument to comrade. Stalin
44 Hydroelectric power station
45 Sericulture
46 Gardening
47 Potatoes and vegetables
48 Viticulture and winemaking
49 Sugar beet
50 Flax, hemp and new bast crops
51 Oilseeds
52 Industrial crops and medicinal plants
53 Livestock
54 Pavilions Veterinary Medicine and Artificial Insemination
55 Manege
56 Livestock buildings
57 Dog breeding
58 Hunting and fur farming
59 Section Poultry farming
60 Fishing industry
61 Beekeeping
62 Rabbit breeding
63 Section New in the village
64 Fountain on collective farms square
65 Fountain "Spike" on the pond
66 Cinema No. 1
67 Cinema No. 2
68 Circus
69 Concert stage
70 Green Theater
71 Beer
72 Khladoprom
73 Liqueur
74 Meat
75 Canned food
76 Tea-confectioner
77 Tobacco
78 Teahouse
79
80 Oriental restaurant
81 Children's cafe
82 Cafe No. 2
83 Main restaurant
84 Tea-dining room
85 (See No. 17)
86 Greenhouse of subtropical crops
87 Veterinary clinic

Scheme from the magazine "Architecture of the USSR" ( 1939)

1 - main entrance,
2 - Kolkhoz Square,
3 - Mechanization Square,
4 - Main pavilion,
5 — pavilion of the Uzbek SSR,
6 — Far East pavilion,
7 — Siberia pavilion,
8 — pavilion of Leningrad and the Northeast of the RSFSR,
9 — pavilion “Soviet Arctic”,
10 — pavilion of the Moscow, Tula and Ryazan regions
11 — pavilion of the Ukrainian SSR,
12 — pavilion of the Turkmen SSR,
13 — pavilion of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic,
14 — pavilion of the central areas,
15 — pavilion of the Kirghiz SSR,
16 — pavilion of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic,
17 — pavilion of the Tajik SSR,
18 — pavilion of the Belarusian SSR,
19 — pavilion “Povolozhye”,
20 - pavilion of the Azerbaijan SSR,
21 - pavilion of the Armenian SSR,
22 - pavilion of the Georgian SSR,
23 - pavilion of the Kazakh SSR,
24 — Mechanization pavilion,
25 - Stalin monument,
26 - livestock buildings,
27 — section “New in the village”

Map 1940

1 Administrative Square
2 Exhibition Management
3 Pavilion Young Naturalists
4 Children's cafe
5 Circus
6 Cafe
7 Printing Pavilion
8 Peat
9 Main Pavilion
10 Pavilion of the Kazakh SSR
11 Pavilion of the Georgian SSR
12 Pavilion of the Armenian SSR
13 Pavilion Oil
14 Pavilion of the Azerbaijan SSR
15 Road Construction Pavilion
16 Pavilion Volga region
17 Pavilion of the Byelorussian SSR
18 Pavilion Agroforestry
19 Variety Theater
20 Cinema
21 Pavilion of the Tajik SSR
22 Pavilion of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
23 Pavilion of the Kirghiz SSR
24 Pavilion North Caucasus and Crimea
25 Teahouse
26 Cinema
27 Oriental restaurant
28 Pavilion of the Uzbek SSR
29 Pavilion Far East
30 Pavilion Siberia
31
32 Pavilion Leningrad and North-East of the RSFSR
33 Pavilion of the Karelo-Finnish SSR
34 Pavilion of the Moscow, Tula and Ryazan regions.
35 Pavilion of the Ukrainian SSR
36 Pavilion of the Turkmen SSR
37 Pavilion of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
38 Pavilion of the Central Regions of the RSFSR
39 Pavilion 3ern
40 Voronezh, Kursk, Tambov and Penza regions.
41 Sugar factory
42 Dairy
43 Pigpen
44 Pigpen
45 Cowshed
46 Feed plant
47 Vealhouse
48 Sheepfold
49 Veterinary clinic
50 Olennik
51 Entrance to the “New in the Village” site
52 Green Theater
53 Pavilion Viticulture and winemaking
54 Greenhouses and vegetable plot
55 Pav. Gardening and floriculture
56 Pavilion Potatoes and vegetables
57 Pavilion Sugar beets
58 Pavilion Cotton
59 Pavilion Flax, hemp and new bast crops
60 Pavilion Oilseeds
61 Gardens
62 Pavilion Technical and medicinal plants
63 Pavilion Beekeeping
64 Pavilion Chemicalization of agriculture
65 Pavilion Mechanization
66 Glavtabak Pavilion
67 Pavilion of the Chief and Chief Confectioner
68 Dining room
69 Bar Glavpivo
70 Glavkonserva Pavilion
71 Glavmyas Pavilion
72 Pavilion Livestock
73 Stables
74 Pavilion Veterinary Medicine
75 Lead circle
76 Pigpen
77 Manege
78 Cowshed
79 Cowshed
80 Oslyatnik
81 Camel Husband
82 Vealhouse
83 Pavilion Rabbit Breeding
84 Pavilion Sericulture
85 Pavilion Dog Breeding
86 Pavilion Hunting and fur farming
87 Hunting Lodge
88 Pavilion Hydroelectromechanization
89 Pavilion Kolkhoz hydroelectric power station
90 Glavlikervodka Pavilion
91 Glavkhladoprom Pavilion
92 Main restaurant
93 Poultry town
94 Fishery site

VSKhV scheme 1941

Reverse side of the diagram
List of pavilions

VSKhV scheme 1954

VSKhV scheme 1954

I. EXHIBITION CENTER
1 Main entrance
2 South entrance
3 North entrance
Behind the Main Alley
4 Main Pavilion
5 Area of collective farms
6 Mechanization area
6a "RSFSR"
7 "North Caucasus"
8 "Estonian SSR"
9 "Latvian SSR"
10 "Lithuanian SSR"
11 "Moldavian SSR"
12 "Kazakh SSR"
13 "Georgian SSR"
14 "Armenian SSR"
15 "Azerbaijan SSR"
16 "Volga region"
17 "Belarusian SSR"
18 "Tajik SSR"
19 "Tatar ASSR"
20 "Kirghiz SSR"
21 "Central regions"
22 "Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic"
23 "Turkmen SSR"
24 "Ukrainian SSR"
25 “Moscow, Ryazan, Tula, Kaluga and Bryansk regions”
26 “Leningrad and northwestern regions”
27 "Ural"
28 "Far East"
29 "Uzbek SSR"
30 "Karelo-Finnish SSR"
31 "Siberia"
32 "North-eastern regions"
33 “Central Chernozem Regions”
34 "State Farms"
35 "Young naturalists"

II. PLANT CULTIVATION SECTION
36 "Agriculture"
37 "Cotton"
38 “Grain” with a growing house
38a Area for displaying cars
39 "Sugar beets"
39a Area for displaying cars
40 "Potatoes and vegetables"
40a Area for displaying cars
41 “Flax, hemp and other bast crops”
41a Area for displaying cars
42 "Forestry"
42a Venues for displaying cars
42b Tree nursery
43 Forest shelterbelts
44 Crop rotation fields
45 Sculpture by I.V. Michurin
46 "Peat"
4ba Areas for displaying cars
47 "Hydrometeorological service"
47a Weather station
48 “Oilseeds and industrial crops”
49 "Gardening"
49a Venues for displaying cars
50 “Vticulture and winemaking”
50a Greenhouse for grapes
51 "Water management"
52 "Sericulture"
52a Chervovodnya
53 "Beekeeping"
53a Apiary House
54 “Floriculture and landscaping” with a subtropical greenhouse
55 Greenhouses and greenhouses
55a Vegetable plot
55b Area of insulated soil
56 Orchard
57 Plant protection station
58 Mycelium

III. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SECTION
59 "Livestock"
59a Venues for displaying cars
60 “Veterinary and Animal Science”
61 "Cattle" No. 1
62 "Cattle" No. 2
63 "Cattle" No. 3
64 “Young cattle”
65 “Pig farming” No. 1
66 “Pig farming” No. 2
67 “Pig farming” No. 3
68 “Sheep farming” No. 1
69 “Sheep farming” No. 2
70 “Horse Breeding” No. 1
71 “Horse Breeding” No. 2
72 “Horse Breeding” No. 3
73 Camel Husband
74 Manege
75 Exit circle with stands
76 “Korma” and Feeding Plant
77 "Dairy plant"
78 "Poultry farming"
79 Turkey Poultry
80 Gusyatnik
81 Chicken Coop
82 Utyatnik
83 Poultry house
84 Enclosures for record holders
85 "Record Breakers"
86 Typical hatchery and poultry station
87 Mobile houses for field keeping of birds

TYPICAL PET SITE
88 Vetambulatory
89 Hospital
90 Zooroom
91 Insulator
92 Forage
93 Washing

COLLECTIVE FARM STANDARD LIVESTOCK FARMS
94 Four-row barn for 200 cows
95 Cowshed for 100 cows
96 Room for young cattle and calf barn
97 Kolkhoz dairy
98 Butter and cheese factory
99 Poultry house for 1,300 chickens
100 Chicken house for 1,800 chickens
101 Sheepfold for 1,100 sheep
102 Pig barn for 38 sows
103 Standard station for artificial insemination of horses, cows and sheep
104 Forge
105 “Rabbit breeding” with typical premises of a rabbit farm and enclosures
106 "Fisheries"
107 “Pond farming”
108 Fish hatcheries
109 “Hunting and fur farming” with typical premises of collective and state farm fur farms and enclosures for game animals
110 "Dog Breeding"
111 Olennik
112 Veterinary clinic for servicing show animals
113 Wind turbines

IV. SECTION OF MECHANIZATION AND ELECTRIFICATION OF AGRICULTURE
114 “Mechanization and electrification of agriculture”
115 Venues for displaying cars
116 “Collective farm hydroelectric power station”
117 Pumping station
118 Hydraulic ram installation

TYPICAL MTS ESTATE
119 Machine and tractor workshop
120 Tractor garage
121 Garage for combine harvesters
122 Garage for agricultural machinery
123 Shed for transport equipment
124 Spare parts warehouse
125 Auto Garage
126 MTS office
127 Dining room
128 Dormitory for 50 people.
129 Water tower
130 Residential single-apartment house
131 Residential semi-detached house
132 Shed for fire equipment
133 Bath
134 Stable
135 Oil depot

FIELD STATION OF THE TRACTOR CRIGADE
136 Field workshop
137 Carport
138 Dorm-dining hall
139 Shower-guard
140 Stable
141 Oil storage

V. BUILDINGS OF A COLLECTIVE FARM VILLAGE
142 Village Council
143 Collective Farm Board
144 Collective Farm House of Culture
145 School
146 Rural post office
147 Control and seed laboratory
148 Kindergarten
149 Nurseries
150 Selmag
151 Teahouse

VI. OTHER BUILDINGS
152 Pavilion “Building Materials”
153 Tsentrosoyuz Pavilion
154 Pavilion “Physical Education and Sports”
155 Trade pavilion of Glavkhladoprom (Ice cream)
156 Trade pavilion of Glavtabak
157 Trade pavilion of Glavkonserva
158 Glavmyas Trade Pavilion
159 Trade pavilion of the Chief Confectioner
160 Glavkhleb Trade Pavilion
161 Trade pavilion Glavlikervodka
162 Trade pavilion Glavfruktminvoda
163 Trade pavilion of the Ukrainian SSR
164 Restaurant "Golden Ear"
165 Teahouse-dining room
166 Bar-beer
167 Restaurant "Float"
168
169 Cafe No. 1
170 Cafe No. 2
171 Tea room No. 1
172 Tea room No. 2
173 Pavilion "Communication"
174 Bookstore
175 Shop for selling seeds
176 Rosgalantereytorg store
177 Moskhlebtorg Store
178 Store "Gastronom"
179 Shop "Toys"
180 Gift Shop
181 Store "Uzbekvino"
182 Azsovkhoztrest store
183 Green Theater
184 Cinema (large)
185 Cinema (small)
186 Open stage
187 Tour desk
188 Fountain "Spike"
189 Administrative premises
190 Administrative premises
191 Darkroom
192 House of Communications
193 Fire Station
194 Artesian well
195 Passing
196 Central boiler room
197 Toilets

VSKhV map 1956

PAVILIONS OF THE ALL-UNION INDUSTRIAL EXHIBITION
1. P-n “Nuclear energy for peaceful purposes”
2. P-n "Light industry"
3. P-n “Medical industry”
4. P-n “Machine tool industry”
5. P-n "Mechanical Engineering"
6. P-n “Meat industry”
7. P-n “Dairy plant”
8. P-n “Fishing industry”
9. P-n “Bread”
10. P-n “Oils and industrial crops”
11. P-i “Cotton”
12. P-n “Bast and wool industry”
13. P-n “Geology, oil, chemistry”
14. Pn “Sugar”
15. P-n “Winemaking”
16. P-n “Silk”
17. P-n “Vegetables and canned food”
18. P-n “Paper, woodworking industry and higher school”
19. P-n “Forestry”
20. P-n “Peat”

PAVILIONS OF THE ALL-UNION AGRICULTURAL EXHIBITION
1. Main pavilion
2. P-n “RSFSR”
3. Pn "Siberia"
4. Pn "Karelo-Finnish SSR"
5. Pn “Uzbek SSR”
6. P-n “Far East”
7. P-n "Ural"
8. P-n “Leningrad and the North-West”
9. Pn "Moscow, Tula, Ryazan and Kaluga regions"
10. Pn “Ukrainian SSR”
11. Pn “Central Chernozem Regions”
12. Pn “North-Eastern Regions”
13. Pn “Turkmen SSR”
14. Pn “Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic”
15. Pn "Central Regions"
16. Pn "Kirghiz SSR"
17. Pn “Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic”
18. Pn “Tajik SSR”
19. Pn "Belarusian SSR"
20. P-n "Volga region"
21. Pn “Azerbaijan SSR”
22. Pn "Armenian SSR"
23. Pn "Georgian SSR"
24. Pn "Kazakh SSR"
25. Pn “Moldavian SSR”
26. Pn "Lithuanian SSR"
27. Pn "Latvian SSR"
28. Pn “Estonian SSR”
29. Pn "North Caucasus"
30. P-n “Young naturalists”
31. Pn "Hydrometeorological Service"
32. P-Plant Protection Station
33. Pn "Chervovodnya"
34. Champignon
35. Greenhouses and greenhouses
36. P-n “Gardening”
37. P-n “Physical education and sports”.
38. Pn “Beekeeping”.
39. P-n “Floriculture and landscaping”
40. P-n “Water management”
41. Cattle p-ns
42. Sheep farming rules
43. Pn “Feed Mill”
44. Horse breeding rules
45. Pn "Manege"
46. Pig farming rules
47. P-ny poultry town
48. Camel Husband
49. Pn “Dog Breeding”
50. P-n “Hunting and fur farming”
51. Pn “Rabbit Breeding”
52. Olennik
53. Points of the Veterinary Section
54. Poultry house and chicken coop
55. Pigpen
56. Sheepfold
57. Calf shed
58. Cowshed for 100 heads
59. 4-row barn
60. Veterinary clinic
61. Pn “Nursery”
62. P-n “Kindergarten”
63. Pn "Centrosoyuz"
64. MTS Estate
65. Collective Farm House of Culture
66. Directorate of All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition

TRADE PAVILIONS, ENTERTAINMENT ENTERPRISES

RESTAURANTS, CAFE
1. Shop "Seeds"
2. Ice Cream Cafe
3. Large cinema
4. Teahouse
5.
6. Restaurant "Poplavok"
7. Restaurant “Golden Ear”
8. Trade pavilion “Tobacco”
9. Trade pavilion “Wine”
10. Bar-beer
11. Restaurant "Summer"
12. Cafe "Dubki"
13. Green Theater
14. Book Store
15. Teahouse "Swan"
16. Small cinema
17. Open stage
18. Toy Store
19. Shop "Porcelain, glass"
20. Trade pavilion of the Ukrainian SSR

FOUNTAINS, STRUCTURES AND SOME AREAS OF THE EXHIBITION
A. Fountain “Friendship of Peoples”
B. Fountain “Stone Flower”
V. Michurinsky fruit garden
D. Recreation area
D. Fountain “Golden Ear”
E. Fish hatchery
G. Hatchery circle for displaying show animals
I. Site of the hunting and fur farming pavilion
K. Drilling rig

Map of VSKhV and ERV. 1958

VSKhV and VPV. 1958

Pavilions of the All-Union Agricultural Exhibition

1. Main pavilion
2. "North Caucasus"
3. "Estonian SSR"
4. "Latvian SSR"
5. "Lithuanian SSR"
6. "Moldavian SSR"
7. “Kazakh SSR”
8. "Georgian SSR"
9. "Armenian SSR"
10. “Azerbaijan SSR”
11. "Volga region"
12. "Belarusian SSR"
13. “Tajik SSR”
14. “Tatar ASSR”
15. "Kirghiz SSR"
16. "Central regions"
17. “Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic”
18. “Turkmen SSR”
19. “North-Eastern regions”
20. “Central Chernozem Regions”
21. "Ukrainian SSR"
22. “Moscow, Tula, Kaluga, Ryazan and Bryansk regions”
23. “Leningrad and North-West”
24. "Ural"
25. "Far East"
26. “Uzbek SSR”
27. "Siberia"
28. "RSFSR"
29. “Collective Farm House of Culture”
30. “Mechanization of agriculture”
31. "Centrosoyuz"
32. "Kindergarten"
33. "Nursery"
34. Buildings of livestock farms
35. Natural animal display pavilion
36. "Veterinary Medicine"
37. Output circle
38. “Feed mill”
39. "Manege"
40. “Hunting and fur farming”
41. "Rabbit Breeding"
42. "Poultry farming"
43. “Water management”
44. “Floriculture and landscaping”
45. "Beekeeping"
46. “Physical education and sports”
47. "Gardening"
48. Greenhouses and greenhouses
49. Champignon
50. Plant protection station
52. "Hydrometeorological Service"
53. "Young naturalists"
54. Administrative building
55. Directorate of All-Russian Agricultural Exhibition
56. Veterinary clinic
57. Animal artificial insemination station
58. Demonstration site for showing agricultural machinery in action

Exhibit sowing and planting of VSKhV

1. Exhibit area of agriculture in the zones of the Ukrainian SSR, Moldavian SSR, Central Black Sea Region and collections of the main varieties of grain crops of the USSR
2. Vegetation experimental house
3. Agrochemical laboratory
4. Exhibit area of agriculture in the non-chernozem zone of the European part of the USSR
5. Collection of main varieties of forage crops
6. Exhibit area of agriculture in the North Caucasus zone and a collection of the main varieties of industrial, oilseed, honey and medicinal crops
7. Exhibit area of Floriculture and landscaping
8. Orchard
9. Grape plantings
10. Exhibit area of vegetables and potatoes
11. Exhibit area of mulberry culture
12. Exhibit area “Forestry”
13. Exhibit plot of agriculture in the zones of the South-East, Kazakhstan, Siberia and the Urals
14. Exhibit area of the Young Naturalists pavilion
15. Alpine slide

Pavilions of the All-Union Industrial Exhibition

1. Science
2. Nuclear energy for peaceful purposes
3. Mechanical engineering
4. Machine tool industry
5. Chemical industry
6. Light industry
7. Linen and wool industry
8. Cotton
9. Silk
10. Paper and wood processing industry. USSR Higher School
11. Medical industry
12. Timber industry and forestry
13. Peat
14. Fat-and-oil and food-flavoring industries
15. Geology, oil, gas
16. Sugar and confectionery industry
17. Dairy industry
18. Bread
19. Meat industry
20. Fishing industry
21. Winemaking

Plan 2013.